Norovirus Alert: UK Faces Potential Second Wave, Warns Health Security Agency
A recent shift in circulating strains of the virus means that even those who have already fallen ill this winter could be vulnerable to reinfection. “Norovirus levels are still exceptionally high,” said Amy Douglas, lead epidemiologist at UKHSA. “With multiple genotypes spreading simultaneously, people might get infected more than once this season.”
From 3 to 16 February, laboratory-confirmed cases increased by 29% compared to the previous fortnight, and are more than double the five-season average for the same period. This marks the highest prevalence since UKHSA began reporting data this way in 2014.
Impact on Hospitals and Care Homes
The virus is particularly affecting hospitals and care homes, with older adults (65+) being the hardest hit. “The biggest impacts are in health and social care settings,” said Douglas. “Symptoms can be more severe in older adults, young children, and those with weakened immune systems.”
Changing Strains and Rising Infections
The GII.17 strain, which was dominant earlier this year, now accounts for 59% of cases, down from 76% in November. Meanwhile, the GII.4 strain, which has been prominent in previous years, has risen sharply to 29% of cases, up from 10% three months ago.
Symptoms and Precautions
Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, stomach pain, and muscle aches. Severe cases, especially among vulnerable groups, can lead to dehydration. Staying hydrated is crucial.
UKHSA advises anyone experiencing symptoms to avoid visiting hospitals, care homes, workplaces, schools, or nurseries until 48 hours after symptoms have fully subsided. During this period, it is also recommended to avoid preparing food for others.
Looking Ahead
Although norovirus cases typically decline as warmer weather arrives, UKHSA cautions that it is too early to determine whether the virus has peaked this season. Experts believe the reported cases represent only a fraction of the actual infections, estimating that for every reported case, approximately 288 occur in the community—equating to around 3 million cases annually in the UK.
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